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HashiCorp Certified: Vault Associate (003)Exam Sample Questions (Q98-Q103):
NEW QUESTION # 98
An application requires a specific key/value pair to be updated in order to process a batch job. Thevalue should be either "true" or "false." However, when developers have been updating the value, sometimes they mistype the value or capitalize the value, causing the batch job not to run. What feature of a Vault policy can be used to restrict entry to the required values?
Answer: A
Explanation:
Comprehensive and Detailed in Depth Explanation:
To restrict the values of a key/value pair to only "true" or "false" and prevent mistyping or capitalization errors, theallowed_parametersfeature in a Vault policy is the most effective solution. The HashiCorp Vault documentation explains that allowed_parameters can be used to "permit a list of keys and values that are permitted on the given path." By specifying allowed_parameters with the exact values "true" and "false," the policy ensures that only these values are accepted, rejecting any deviations (e.g., "True," "TRUE," or "flase").
This provides fine-grained control and eliminates the risk of human error impacting the batch job.
Adding adeny statement for all possible misspellingsis impractical and error-prone, as it requires anticipating every potential mistake, which is neither scalable nor efficient. Thelist capabilityallows listing and reading values but does not restrict what can be written, failing to address the problem of enforcing specific values. Using awildcard (*)at the end of the policy permits unrestricted values, which directly contradicts the need to limit entries to "true" or "false." Thus, allowed_parameters is the precise tool for this use case.
Reference:
HashiCorp Vault Documentation - Policies: Fine-Grained Control
NEW QUESTION # 99
An application is trying to use a dynamic secret in which the lease has expired. What can be done in order for the application to successfully request data from Vault?
Answer: C
Explanation:
Comprehensive and Detailed in Depth Explanation:
Once a dynamic secret's lease expires, it cannot be renewed or reused; a new secret must be requested. The HashiCorp Vault documentation states: "A lease must be renewed before it has expired. Once it has expired, it is permanently revoked and a new secret must be requested." This means that after expiration, the secret is invalidated, and the application must obtain a new secret with a new lease to regain access.
Trying an expired secret (A) is futile as it's revoked. Performing a lease renewal (B) is impossible post- expiration, as the docs note: "Renewal must occur before the lease expires." Extending the TTL (D) isn't an option for an expired lease. Thus, C is the correct action.
Reference:
HashiCorp Vault Documentation - Leases: Lease Renew and Revoke
NEW QUESTION # 100
Which of the following auth methods are intended for machine-to-machine authentication, and not necessarily human (operator) authentication? (Select four)
Answer: A,B,C,D
Explanation:
Comprehensive and Detailed In-Depth Explanation:
Machine-oriented methods:
* B, C, D, F: "Machine-oriented: AppRole, TLS, tokens, platform-specific methods (cloud, k8s)."
* Incorrect Options:
* A, E: "Operator-oriented: LDAP, Okta."
Reference:https://developer.hashicorp.com/vault/tutorials/get-started/why-use-vault#human-and-machine- authentication
NEW QUESTION # 101
To protect the sensitive data stored in Vault, what key is used to encrypt the data before it is written to the storage backend?
Answer: A
Explanation:
Comprehensive and Detailed In-Depth Explanation:
Vault encrypts all data before writing it to the storage backend using an encryption key within its cryptographic barrier. This key, stored in a keyring, is itself encrypted by the master key (split into unseal keys). The recovery key (A) is for emergency recovery, not data encryption. Unseal keys (C) unlock the master key, not encrypt data directly. The root key (D) isn't a term used in Vault's encryption flow; the master key is the closest analog, but it protects the encryption key, not the data itself. The architecture docs clarify the encryption key's role.
References:
Vault Architecture
Keyring Details
NEW QUESTION # 102
An organization wants to authenticate an AWS EC2 virtual machine with Vault to access a dynamic database secret. The only authentication method which they can use in this case is AWS.
Answer: A
Explanation:
The statement is false. An organization can authenticate an AWS EC2 virtual machine with Vault to access a dynamic database secret using more than one authentication method. The AWS auth method is one of the options, but not the only one. The AWS auth method supports two types of authentication: ec2 and iam. The ec2 type uses the signed EC2 instance identity document to authenticate the EC2 instance. The iam type uses the AWS Signature v4 algorithm to sign a request to the sts:GetCallerIdentity API and authenticate the IAM principal. However, the organization can also use other auth methods that are compatible with EC2 instances, such as AppRole, JWT/OIDC, or Kubernetes. These methods require the EC2 instance to have some sort of identity material, such as a role ID, a secret ID, a JWT token, or a service account token, that can be used to authenticate to Vault. The identity material can be provisioned to the EC2 instance using various mechanisms, such as user data, metadata service, or cloud-init scripts. The choice of the auth method depends on the use case, the security requirements, and the trade-offs between convenience and control. References: AWS - Auth Methods | Vault | HashiCorp Developer, AppRole - Auth Methods | Vault | HashiCorp Developer, JWT/OIDC
- Auth Methods | Vault | HashiCorp Developer, Kubernetes - Auth Methods | Vault | HashiCorp Developer
NEW QUESTION # 103
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